Friedrich hermann poetscii



(No Model.)

F. H. POETSOH.

METHOD OF SINKING SHAFTS, BUILDING FOUNDATIONS, 850.. IN

AQUEOUS STRATA.

Patented May 24 d d d N. PETERS. PhuwLnhogn mr. Wnshinglom D. c.

rrn Frames ATJENI rricn.

FRIEDRICH IIERMANN POETSOII, OF SUDENBURG-MAGDEBURG, PRUSSIA, GERMANY.

METHOD OF SINKING SHAFTS. BUILDING FOUNDATIONS, &c., lN AQUEOUS STRATA.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 363,419, dated May 24-,1887.

Application filed October 21, 1866. Serial No. 216,846. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRIEDRICH HERMANN POETSOH, a citizen of Germany, anda resident of Sudenburg Magdeburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Germany,have invented new and useful Improvements in Methods of Sinking Shafts,Building Foundations, Tunnels in Aqueous Strata and Under Water, ofwhich the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to an improved method of sinking shafts,and of building foundations, tunnels, canals in aqueous strata and underwater, and has for its object the building of a wall around the workingplace. This wall consists of two or more rows of columns of cement andof the aqueous material or water between the several columns, which isto be frozen to make the wall water tight.

' In order that myinvention may be fully understood, I shall now proceedto describe the same more particularly, reference being made to theannexedsheet of drawings, in which the same letters indicate same partsin all the figures.

Figure 1 shows in plan the arrangement of the boring or sinking pipesaround the working place A. Fig. 2 represents in vertical section threeof the boring-pipes and the manner of j unction of the U shapedfreezing-pipes contained in them. Figs. 3 to 5 show the columns ofcement or other solid material with the freezing-pipes and bottom plateafter the boring pipe has been removed. Fig. G-reprcsents in a verticalsection some of the cylinders of cement constituting the above-mentionedcolumns.

In carrying out the sinking of a shaft in vertical or inclined directionor the building of a horizontal tunnel or other underground workaccording to my invention, I proceed in the following manner: Afterhaving determined the dimensions of the object to be made, I calculatethe number of pipes suitable or requi site for building the structure orwall of ap propriate size around the space in which the work is to becarried on, and which pipes in the present case are indicated by c to 0in Fig. l of the drawings. These pipes are at their lower ends insertedor driven into the ground somewhat deeper than the shaft or other objectwill finally have to reach. The

pipes 0, c 0", c and-c are first sunk in the ground. When these columns0, 0 c, 0", and 0" have been put into place the bottom plate, a", (intowhich the iron or metal tube a is screwed,) is inserted into the pipe 0,and this serves to close the bottom of the tube, and to form a fiat basefor the cylinders 'or blocks (1 d. These tubes may serve also to aid (asmay be needed) by affording means for connecting the whole structuretogether at the top and strengthening it, as shown at a, (Figs. 2, 3,and 4.) a isatube ofiron or other metal. Of course a rod may be used forthe same purpose, but this will be much heavier than at'u be. In Fig. 5,a-indicates only the place for the tube, the latter being withdrawn. Theenlarged parts at the top of the tubes or are not nuts, but shoulders orsmall supports for the connecting-piece of the tubes a. Figs. 3 and atare in accordance with the other figures of the drawings. The hatchedsurface just above the bottom plate, a represents a layer of cement forfilling up the space in which the tubes 1) b have acurved shape.Further, the Ushaped freezing-pipes b b are inserted in the pipe 0, andthe latter is then filled with cylinders or blocks (1 d of cement orother resistant material, Fig. 6, which in their position, one above theother, represent a column. Then the pipe 0, Fig. 1, is drawn out fromthe ground, so that only the cylinders d cl, of cement or otherfreezing-pipes I) I), remain in the ground, and finally the tube a isscrewed off from the bot tom plate, a and likewise drawn out in order tobe used again at thefollowing pipe, 0 Fig. 2. I then use the boring-pipec (drawn out material, and the tube a,with the'U-shaped from the ground,as above mentioned for the means of the before-described method and ofthe small expense for sinking pipes and tubes a great number of columns0 to c of cement or other suitable material can be built around IOC theplace on which a shaft is to be sunk, or a bridge-pillar or tunnel, &c.,is to be built, each of these columns being provided with'a bottomplate, a*, and with the U-shaped freezingpipes b b. I then, by means ofcoupling or connecting pipes b. b, unite one of the U- shaped pipes ofeach tube or column with the adjacent pipe I) of the next adjacent tubeor column, and so on, and bring a refrigerating me dium --as, forexample, a solution of chloride of calcium, or other liquid of a verylow freezing-pointat a temperature under zero Oelsius in circulation,(through the united system of the U-shaped pipes by means of a pumpconnected with the terminal pipes of the abovementioned system,) wherebythe water orquicksand or other aqueous strata contained between thecolumns to 0 Fig. 1, becomes frozen and unites all the columns to a firmand resistant, wall, which protects the inner space against lateralpressure.

If such a combined wall of columns and frozen material can be based on awater-tight of the wall of columns and of frozen material I dispose therings 9 and h, Fig. 1. These are placed at the upper end of thestructure and serve to keep the whole to place. It is obvious thatwithin such a wall, shafts, bridgepillars, tunnels, 8m, can be builtwith all security without the necessity of compressing the air.

In case of tunnelings, the pipes and columns are disposed horizontally,or nearly so. When a canal is to be built, these tubes and columns aredisposed vertically, andin all other cases they receiveaslightly-inclined direction.

After the building has been finished the frozen wall is thawed up andthe rectilineal parts of the U shaped pipes, Fig. 5, are drawn out fromthe solid columns as far as possible in order to be used again.

Having thus described myinvention, 1013,1111 as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent An improved method of sinking shafts,

building bridge pillars, tunnels, canals, or

whereby a water-tight wall is formed around and serving to protect theworking-chamber.

Signed at Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,

ROBERT FISOHL, W. PERCY TILGHMAN.

